Pupusas: What Are They?
Pupusas: What Are They?
Hi, my name is Nataly Galicia! I'm a senior majoring in Human Developmental Science. I am also half Salvadorian and have a great appreciation for our heritage especially the food!
When I was younger I had a lot of family live close by and I have some fond memories of us spending time together in the kitchen. My Tía Cata and I would make pupusas together for the whole family. As the cost for living went up my family started to move to other states. Unfortunately, those recipes weren't shared with my mom so that she could continue sharing them with me. While I was in grade school, I didn't see a lot of other people who were Salvadorian so there wasn't a way to share those traditions with other kids who understood.
Pupusas have been around this region for centuries but Honduras, due to its close proximity also shares in the history. Pupusas have roots tracing back to the Pipil tribes of pre-Columbian El Salvador. The Piple Tribe, which was a Native American tribe that lived in this region over 2,000 years ago. The word “pupusa” is said to come from the Nahuatl language, meaning “stuffed.” Originally, pupusas were made with simple ingredients like corn masa and filled with local staples like beans, squash, and herbs but as time went on different combinations and recipes were made. Over the centuries, pupusas evolved with the cultural influences of various civilizations, including Mayan and Spanish. Fast forward into the future, during the civil war in the 1980's many people fled the country. This allowed for Salvadorians to share theirs cuisines with other parts of the world. Salvadorans migrating to neighboring Central American countries like Honduras and Guatemala to escape political and economic hardships began opening pupusa stands.
Figure 1: Shows where El Salvador is on the map (next to Honduras and Guatemala)
Masa (dough):
Corn flour (processed with lime)
Water
Fillings: (different potential combinations)
Cheese
Refried beans
Shredded pork
Shredded chicken
Grounded beef
Chorizo
Sautéed vegetables
Revuelta*
A topping to eat pupusas with made of:
Roma tomatoes
White onion
Garlic clove
Serrano chiles
Chicken bouillon powder
Water
A cabbage slaw or relish made with:
Cabbage
Red onion
Shredded corrots
Jalapeño
Oregano
Salt
Vinegar
Based on where you and your family is from, you know what dishes our native countries are known for. For example Italy is known for their pasta or Mexico is known for Molé. Pupusas are considered a symbol of nation identity for El Salvador. We even have a National Pupusa Day! Where there is a festival held on the second Sunday of November every year. This dish is what made our culture more well-known and acknowledge if you weren't from a different latin community.
Figure 2: This map shows the differet parts of the world that have similiar food ingredients to El Salvador.
Since El Salvador is a small country in Central America, people in the United States or other parts of the world may not know much about its culture or cuisine. Pupusas have become a food staple in El Salvador and with that people started opening up family owned restaurants known as pupuserías. Pupuserías have been able to provide people with stable income. During 2001-2003, these restaurants generated around $22 million. El Salvador was also able to export he ingredients that go into making pupusas, in 2005 $604 worth of some of these ingredients was sold to the US. The global market was valued at $514 million in 2023. This economic boost makes a big difference in the lives of these natives.
Remember it is not only to appreciate your own culture but appreciate and acknowledge other dishes from around the world! Some people may clump Latin cultures together but each country has their own idenity that makes them unique. Although pupusas may be just a dish, it is a dish that was able to provide cultural and economic significance to support its increasing global popularity. Will you give it a try?