Written by Alex Padayao
In Sanskirt, an ancient Indo-European language, bhojana holds a dual meaning. Practically, bhojana means "food" but it can also means "that which is to be enjoyed" or even a "feast". As with all cultures, there are major food commodities that are beloved, enjoyed and seen as staples ones diet. This is no different in India, whose food commodities are "shaped by climate, land, and access to natural resources". Before exploring these food commodities, it's first important to understand exactly what a food commodity is.
By understanding food commodities in India, we can gain insight and understanding about the cultural norms and values of Indian culture. These include:
Historical Development of Indian culture
Religious Impacts
Views on health and health practices
The following segments consider popular Indian foods and their ingredients in order to analyze the importance of those ingredients as commodities in India. There are hyperlinks embedded into the subtitles for recipes as these are some of my personal favorites .
Dosa's are "crispy, savory pancakes that are a staple food in South India" made from drained rice, fenugreek seeds, and urad daal, also known as black lentils.
Lentils (Lens culinaris) are one of the major food commodities In India, exporting annually 1.1 - 1.5 million pounds, accounting for 1/6th of the world's total lentil production. Lentils are predominantly grown In Uttar Pradesh and Madhya Pradesh, two humid subtropical climate regions in central India. The history of lentils In India can be traced all the way back to 2000 BC as lentils made their way eastward. There are four classifications of lentils: black, green, red/yellow, and specialty. In Hindi, these would be urad, moong, and masoor respectively
What makes lentils such a staple crop is its ability to both grow off of limited water as well as Its nutritional content. Compared to cows, a kilogram of lentils require only a tenth the amount of water to grow. This makes lentils suitable for growing on a mass scale In a country like India, which comprises of 17 distinct and unique Köppen Climate Zones. Nutritionally, lentils consist of 20-30% protein as well as fiber, micronutrients, and vitamins. These micronutrients are especially good for preventing diabetes, colon cancer, and obesity.
Lentils as a major food commodity makes perfect sense, considering the pure size of the Indian population. India is the second most populated country in the world with 1.27 billion according to India's census data. However, nearly 14% of the population (189 million people) are malnourished. Additionally, 77 million people In India have diabetes as well. Lentils are a major part of India's food culture and their high production rate combined with their nutritional value can help with reducing these numbers as well as being supplementary to other popular Indian dishes, preserving the rich cultural history of Indian cuisine.
Lays India's Magic Masala chips are a wildly popular and unique snack in India. One of my own personal favorites due to its uniqueness and spice levels, these chips are comprised of chili, cumin, garlic, and coriander.
Spices can arguably be considered the defining and distinctive characteristic of Indian cuisine, with India producing 75 of 109 recognized world spices. The history between India, spices, and trade can be traced all the way back to the 13th century with Portuguese explorer Vasco de Gama's discovery of India. As time progressed, other countries such as the Netherlands and Britain saw the value of controlling India's spice market to further internal revenue. The spice market in India is one of India's most profitable, raking in more than three billion USD in 2020.
As a food commodity, spices in India hold value in a medicinal context. Religously, spices and their medicinal properties can be found in the ancient Sanskrit texts of the Arthashastra and the Susruth Samhitha, which note the use of spices in preventing leprosy and being used in surgery. In modern society, spices have been even more recognized for their health benefits.
Indian spices are integral in ayurvedic medicine, an ancient Indian medicinal system One such Indian spice, Bharwan Karela, is used in ayurvedic medicine to help with diabetes which Is common In the modern population of of India. Ayruvedic practices also suggest combining spices with other food commodities such as ghee, In which It Is suggested to eat a ghee-spice mixture at least once a day alongside a meal.
Lassi's are a popular blended yogurt drink in India, with Mango Lassi's being one such variation of the drink. Milk is the staple in Lassi's and its importance as a major food commodity in India Is evident in its religious persona as well as versatility. In Hindu culture, “Milk is considered to be the source of sagun–Chaitanya and hence, is a complete food”. Chaitanya, Hindu for "Spirtual Consciousness", implies that cows are important In providing nourishment and well-being. In fact, cows in Hindu culture are considered sattvik, or "of pure essence". It's noted that cows were created for the welfare of mankind.
From an economical standpoint, milk is another major food commodity of India. In 2020, India produced 200 million metric tons of milk to be exported. Milk is predominantly produced by cows but is also produced by water buffalo and goats. The most important part of milk is its versatility in cooking. Milk can be turned into a variety of products like ghee and candles. Milk is also major in providing essential vitamins and minerals like Vitamin A and D, which newborns need to grow.
Works Cited
https://www.indiafoodbanking.org/hunger
https://www.icarda.org/media/blog/lentil-ICARDA-India
Colleen Taylor. Food Culture in India. Chapter 2
https://www.ibef.org/exports/spice-industry-indias.aspx
https://www.hindujagruti.org/hinduism/cows-milk-benefits
https://www.nddb.coop/sites/default/files/statistics/Mp%20India-ENG-2019.pdf