Two species

Index

1. Physical environments

• Spatial heterogeneity

• Phenology

2. Movement

3. Species interactions

• Resource competition

• Interference competition

• Reproductive interference

2. Movement

Movement (i.e., immigration & emigration) change population at each point. The simplest model is diffusive Lotka-Volterra model.

Here is the code.

https://github.com/kmorita0111/fundamentalModelsInEvolution/tree/main/diffusive-Lotka-Volterra

3. Species interactions

1. Exploitive competition

Exploitive competition means ...

Examples are ...

• Resource competition

2. Interference competition

Interference competition means ecological interactions with which two species compete for shared or limiging resources and reduce each other fitness directly. In theory, the Lotka-Volterra model proposes the condition of interference competition when interspecific competition is greater than intraspecific one. Biological factors of interference competition are ...

• Agression (e.g., territory)

  • Contest competition

• Chemical competition (e.g., Allelopathy, Poisons given off from bacteria...)

< References >

• Case, T. J., & Gilpin, M. E. (1974). Interference competition and niche theory. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 71(8), 3073-3077.

• Vance, R. R. (1984). Interference competition and the coexistence of two competitors on a single limiting resource. Ecology, 65(5), 1349-1357.

• Amarasekare, P. (2002). Interference competition and species coexistence. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences, 269(1509), 2541-2550.

• Grether, G. F., & Okamoto, K. W. (2022). Eco‐evolutionary dynamics of interference competition. Ecology Letters.

3. Reproductive interference

Reproductive interference means ...