We wish organizational science were a science, but it's not. Organizational improvement is an art. It requires craftsmanship in building the right structures. It requires a fine human touch. And it requires innovations — some of which have come to us in dealing with organizations over time.
In this section we offer some brief, general rules for how to apply the patterns. Most of these have come from our experience of the past ten years, but others come from more general principles of patterns.